We can find several chemical reactions around us. On the surface of iron items such as doors and automotive parts, a crispy brown coloured coating appears. We ignite crackers that produce bright sound and light during Diwali. The burning of materials like magnesium, which is one of the cracker and sparkler’s ingredients, creates bright light.
The field of chemistry involves many subcategories and each section includes various chemical processes like oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, catalysis, polymerization, etc. Chemistry involves several chemical reactions like photosynthesis, cellular respiration, combustion, peptization cellular and anaerobic respiration, etc.
List of chemical process and reactions
The number of important chemical reactions are mentioned below.
Redox reactions
Redox reactions are oxidation-reduction chemical reactions wherein the oxidation states of the reactants change. Redox reactions can be broken into two forms of reactions: reduction and oxidation reaction. There are various types of redox reactions, which are
- Displacement reaction
- Disproportion reaction
- Decomposition reaction
- Combination reactions
Hydrogenation reaction
A hydrogenation reaction, also known as a reduction reaction, occurs when hydrogen molecules are added to an alkene. In the presence of a catalyst, alkenes can undergo an addition reaction with hydrogen gas to produce alkanes.
Example:
The addition of two hydrogen atoms through the double bond of ethene allows saturated ethane to form due to hydrogenation.
CH2 = CH2 → CH3CH3
Polymerization reaction
Polymerization is a chemical reaction in which a massive proportion of monomer molecules combine to form a polymer. In particular, polymerization is divided into three stages: initiation, propagation, and termination. In terms of reaction mechanisms, polymerization is primarily accomplished by two methods. The step-growth and chain-growth mechanisms are two of them.
Examples:
- Polyesters
- Polyamides
Esterification process
Esterification is the chemical reaction that occurs during the formation of an ester. A compound is formed when primary alcohol is treated with carboxylic acid in the presence of sulphuric acid. This material has a pleasing aroma. The chemical reaction can be represented as,
CH3COOH + CH3CH2COOH → CH3COOCH2CH3
Photosynthesis
Another chemical reaction is photosynthesis, which is used by autotrophs to produce their food. Plants obtain glucose from carbon dioxide(CO2) and water(H2O) from the atmosphere in the presence of chlorophyll and light.
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
Cellular Respiration
The chemical reaction that occurs during human respiration is also a chemical reaction. The glucose molecules are oxidized, releasing carbon dioxide and water and also energy.
C6H12O6 (aq) + 6O2 (g) → 6CO2 (g) + 6H2O (l) + Energy
Anaerobic Respiration
An item containing sugar or starch components is converted to acids, gases, and alcohol during fermentation.
C6H12O6 → 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2
Photochemical reaction
As the molecules of material absorb light energy, a photochemical reaction is triggered. By identifying reaction pathways, a photo reaction process can provide a clear description of the primary events. A photochemical reaction is carried out via the process of photolysis. It occurs as a result of light absorption.
Conclusion
A new compound is created during a chemical transition. Reactants are atoms, ions, or molecules that react to create a new substance; products are the new atoms or molecules produced. The law of mass conservation regulates chemical reactions. That is, no atoms are lost or created; instead, reactants are used to produce a new product.
